Facebook Social Media
Facebook , writing in the logo: facebook , ( in English literally “students yearbook”) is an online community for creating, operating, and maintaining social networks , by the American company Facebook Inc. , headquartered in California’s Menlo Park is operated in its private property. The offer was opened in February 2004. Facebook in January 2012 recorded more than 800 million active users [4] and reported on 2 Buy Phen375 February that they would go public. [5]
Users must register using the website, after which a personal profile is created. Facebook allows each user to the effect that claims to be at least 13 years old, is to become a member. [6]
The offer is increasing because of its privacy practices of criticism. [7] There are also serious violations of German and European data protection law . [8] After numerous complaints to the Irish data protection authority has this in a preliminary report in December 2011, the privacy practices of Facebook in 46 points sharply criticized and called for improvements. [9]
Formation
The platform was founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg founded, at Harvard University as a sophomore studying psychology. He had previously Facemash , created an unofficial illustrated vintage directory, where students were able to evaluate the images of other students on the Internet. At Harvard, the official online implementation of the official, printed vintage directories due to privacy concerns had been slow going. The expanded concept spread first through the Ivy League universities and then worldwide. [10] The platform reached in September 2011 some 800 million members worldwide. [2] [3]
History
Mark Zuckerberg developed facemash.com , the predecessor of Facebook, in October 2003, while he was at Harvard University was. The Harvard Crimson , according to was this web page similar to the Web site Hot or Not and introduced an evaluation system for students on campus dar. [11] He turned to the photos of different students, without having obtained a permit on the net and demanded the visitors to the site to assess the attractiveness of two randomly selected individuals based on their photos. After massive protests, he took the side a few days later back again. According to his own admission he was conscious of this experience that he put more value on future projects on security and a violation of copyright must be avoided. [12]
Mark Zuckerberg founded the company on 4 February 2004 [13] developed and Facebook together with the students Eduardo Saverin , Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes in February 2004 originally at Harvard University there only for the students . 2004 increased by Sean Parker (co-founder of Napster ) as a consultant in the Facebook team and got 7 percent stake in Facebook. After Parker was arrested for cocaine possession, he was forced to leave Facebook. Later the site was for students in the United States released. Further expansion extended the registration option on high schools , and to corporate employees. In September 2006, were also students at foreign universities register, the site was later released to any user. In spring 2008 the site in English but also in the languages German, Spanish and French were offered [14] from the second quarter of 2008 was followed by other languages, so that today more than 80 localizations are available.
Features
Each user has a profile page can imagine on it, and upload photos or videos. On the bulletin board of the section, visitors can leave messages or notes publicly visible / blogs publishing. As an alternative to public messages users can send personal messages or chat . Friends can be invited to groups and events. Facebook also has a marketplace where user can view and classifieds. With a watch list to be informed about news, such as new Visitor Messages on the profile pages of friends. Users on Facebook are divided into university, school and workplace networks.
Applications
The company opened in May 2007, its platform for third-party applications. Developers is on the Facebook Platform, an application programming interface (API) with which they can write programs that suit the design of Facebook, and access to permit the user to the data. [15] Facebook members can view the programs in integrate their profile pages. The range includes games and other communications applications. According to the company in October 2009 were more than 350,000 applications available. [16] However, only a small part of it reaches more than 100,000 users a month. With over 49 million active users [17] is the online game CityVille currently most popular Facebook application.
Observers rate the opening of the platform as an important step to increase the attractiveness of facebook and thus increase the number of users. [18] However, the line was growing so fast that users complained about the confusion. Some applications are primarily designed to spread as quickly as possible. To counter this, feedback is evaluated by users and blocked if necessary applications that violate the rules.
Connect
With Facebook Connect , the company offers a solution for single sign- on. Registered users can use this function on their credentials on other sites without having to register there. In certain cases, it is also possible to take content such as the profile, photos, contact lists and comments. In return, Facebook shows activity in the portal in his own bid, so the friends of a member can see them. [19]
After a trial period of the registration service went live in December 2008 to the start. Meanwhile, support him according to the company more than 240,000 websites and devices, more than 60 million users access each month to it. [20] Among the partners are well-known companies such as Yahoo !, Lufthansa , the Washington Post or in Germany, the online portal image. de . [21]
Several game consoles use the Net Logon service. Users of portable console Nintendo DSi for example, can upload pictures taken with the integrated camera on Facebook. The Xbox 360 allows for an update direct access to the network. With the PlayStation 3 , players can view transactions on the PlayStation Store and newly acquired trophies on a personal Facebook page.
The successor of Facebook Connect , the Open Graph protocol was presented in 2010 at the f8 developer conference. [22]
Open Graph
The Open Graph protocol is the successor to the interface Facebook Connect offers developers access to the Facebook platform. About the API developers an easy way to access the data of the social network to access and program your own application. As part of the f8 developer conference in 2010 [22] Facebook has several pre-programmed solutions presented for external sites, known as social expansion modules ( english “social plugin ” ). About this plug-ins can website owners simply small applications with minimal programming effort in its own portal integration. [23] The most popular plug-ins are the Like button , the Like box and Facebook Comment Box . In addition, there are recommendations for applications, an “Activity Stream” or the Free. [24]
Apart from these pre-programmed solutions, each developer can extend even to the Open Graph its website and connect with Facebook. The data of the user receives a Web site but only if the user has explicitly authorized itself. Thus, for example, single sign-on from Facebook without further notice. The specific applications of the open graph may be very different, because every developer decides how he deals specifically with the data.
A few days after the launch of the open graph the functions were integrated to over 100,000 sites. [25] Meanwhile, over one million websites use the various functions of the open graph. [26]
Mobile
Special Facebook clients are now available for various mobile platforms ( Windows Mobile , BlackBerry , Apple iPhone / iPod touch , S60 , Android , HP webOS , bada , etc.). There are also three mobile portals for mobile browsers with or without touch screen support, and a purely text-based page that is selected from some mobile phone networks available free of charge. [27] [28]
Furthermore, there is a bid for status update and various other functions via SMS , which in Germany but only from the O 2 -functioning network. illinois dui lawyer In Austria, A1 and 3 supported. The delivery of SMS to the number 2665 (BOOK) and 13 225 in Austria, will cost the normal SMS rate. The reception of messages from Facebook (such as status messages, new messages, etc.) is free. Must be sent to unlock an SMS with the letter “f” in the 2665, then the user receives a code on the phone, he must indicate on Facebook and the number will be activated then.
Since 1 September 2010 is already a long time as in other countries, from all E-Plus network is possible, under the service Facebook Zero (by calling the address 0.facebook.com free) access to Facebook. However no images or other online cash advance multimedia content to be displayed. To view this needs to be changed in the usual mobile page, without making flat rate Internet charges incurred. [27]
On 13 October 2010, established Facebook has a function for setting up one-time passwords. The user must first have unlocked his phone number in the portal. By sending an SMS with the message otp to 2665 , the user is identified by the mobile phone number and he sent a temporary password that is valid for 20 minutes. This process will ensure greater safety when using public Internet access.
Places
Mid-August 2010 was Mark Zuckerberg , an additional function before: Facebook-type ( English hcg diet “Facebook Places” ). [29] This extension lets users tell others where they are in and who they are just combined. . Can also be a user can see which friends have just been told its location [30] This location-based service is an adaptation of Gowalla – Foursquare and is function and was initially launched only in the United States. The introduction of the service in Germany took place on 5 October 2010. The function is only available in the Facebook applications and the Facebook site for smart phones available.
Since 3 November 2010 provides Facebook with the new product deals marketing opportunities for local businesses. [31] The service is called in the German version of “Facebook offers” and was on 31 January 2011 in Germany are presented. [32] At the start of the new service have helped various companies and discounts offered. [33]
History 
On 16 December 2011, the function Chronicle (English “Timeline”) enabled. It is the ability to create a resume Facebook. [34]
Video calls
In cooperation with Skype makes Facebook the function under the motto “Sometimes emoticons are simply not enough” before. With this, it should be possible to video conference with friends and acquaintances, a webcam have to make. This function is from 1 September 2011 for all users available in Germany.
Engineering
Facebook operates its data centers CentOS servers – once with Apache , now with its own HTTP server software – as well as with PHP and a proprietary database system called Cassandra . A connection from external clients to the internal chat platform is via the XMPP realized protocol, wherein the communication is suppressed to other XMPP servers. Numerous in-house developments in the installation as a free software released: Chicago Criminal Lawyer the database Cassandra , hip hop , tornado, Thrift, Scribe … [35] As a “Gold” sponsor of the Apache project supports Facebook, the free software and financial year with $ 40,000.
Infrastructure
Jeff Rothschild said in a presentation in early October 2009 that the infrastructure of Facebook of 30,000 servers there. [36] Based on a June at the Velocity Conference by Tom Cook (Facebook) published presentation is likely the number of used in the infrastructure servers are have doubled within nine months to around 60,000. [37]
Categories
Facebook not only provides individuals the opportunity to create a page and to operate, but also has a wide range of artists, famous people, companies and brands.
Facebook divided into the following Categories: [38]
Local businesses or place;
Company, organization or institution;
Brand or product;
Artist, band or public figure;
Entertainment;
Concerns or community.
Such appearances are part of social media marketing or public relations activities. Possible targets of the performances:
to encourage the establishment and maintenance of a positive brand image,
to increase awareness,
to optimize the number of visitors of a website,
customer acquisition to positively influence (word of mouth, referral marketing)
to increase customer loyalty,
Develop products / services / offers (innovation management, such as discussion of possible product characteristics) and
to recruit potential employees (Social Recruiting; insight into the corporate culture).
In general, the acquisition of fans on Facebook more easily achieved, depending on the product or service is emotional. Of course, the reputation of the product a very high influence on the success of a page.
Economic situation
Facebook has its foundation in 2004, according to several rounds of approximately $ 1.24 billion for capital funding received. The business model is based primarily on advertising, including fees for membership of the company. In February 2010, in Hamburg, Germany opened its first branch in order to improve the cooperation between brands and businesses with customers or fans on Facebook. The Germany Branch operates as Facebook Germany GmbH . [39]
Business Model
The Facebook usage is free for members. Revenues will bring to all the advertising business. In the United States, the company has the largest share of the market for banner ads (as of November 2010). [40] . In December 2010 it was announced that Facebook wants to integrate its service new e-commerce sites [41] The Social Shopping Marketplace is an alternative to traditional online shopping represents, but also attract new members and also generate higher advertising revenues. [42]
Metrics
Since the company is privately held and limited disclosure obligations is subject to no exact figures are known. Media reported that sales in 2008 amounted to approximately $ 300 million in 2009 some 800 million dollars. [43] In 2010, the company expects sales of about $ 2 billion, said the news agency Bloomberg. [44] writes Whether the company profits, is not known. Facebook said in September 2010 but, in the past quarter, then a positive cash flow to have reached. [45] in early 2011 were sensitive indicators known to have been distributed to investors. For the first nine months of 2010, Facebook have earned 355 million U.S. dollars net, on a turnover of 1.2 billion U.S. dollars. The figures were not audited by Wire Cart Covers an auditor. The company is 50 billion U.S. dollars worth. [46] [47]
Financing
Facebook has been collected in several financing rounds approximately $ 1.24 billion of capital. The first investor was the Internet entrepreneur Peter Thiel . Also, the software giant Microsoft has been involved in the company. The Russian investment company Mail.ru Group (formerly Digital Sky Technologies), shot in several stages to nearly $ 500 million. In January 2011, contributed to an as yet unconfirmed report of the New York Times , the U.S. investment bank Goldman Sachs, with approximately $ 400 million. The financial institution should also develop a special form of investment, to invest on the selected customers on Facebook. So come along to an additional 1.5 billion dollars. [48] Several companies, including Yahoo and Viacom , tried to take over Facebook completely, but from the founders rejected all offers. [49] The IPO was launched on 1 February 2012 and sought to redeem up to $ 5 billion
Market value
Since Facebook was not previously listed, was the market value be determined only roughly, perhaps on the basis of investment in the company or the trading of shares to employees on the secondary market. [55] In January 2011, the market value of about 50 billion U.S. dollars estimates [ 56] [57] [58] and could double again after the IPO. [5]
Ownership Structure
Largest shareholders are Mark Zuckerberg (24%), Chris R. Hughes (12%), Digital Sky Technologies (6.9%), [59] Dustin Moskovitz (6%), Peter Thiel (5.1%), Eduardo Saverin (5%) [60] and Microsoft (1.6%).
In January 2011 it was announced that Goldman Sachs has invested 450 million dollars in Facebook and Digital Sky Technologies, another 50 million. [61] The value of the social network increases with the deal to $ 50 billion (37 billion euros). [61] The involvement of Goldman Sachs or about equivalent to 0.9%.
With the deal was announced that Goldman Sachs will also collect up to 1.5 billion dollars from other investors in Facebook. [61] Digital Sky Technologies had previously been half a billion dollars invested in the social network, [61] Microsoft had in 2007 at an estimated enterprise value of 15 billion U.S. dollars for 1.6% of its $ 250 million paid. [62]
Criticism
General criticism of Privacy on Facebook
Facebook is a regular for its privacy practices of criticism. Particularly noteworthy here is a report by the Foundation merchandise Test , which compares the ten leading social networks together privacy. Facebook proves chiropractic marketing herein along with LinkedIn and MySpace , the rearmost seats due to “significant deficiencies” in data protection. [63]
Often called Facebook supporters that a good data protection is hardly possible with system-related social networks. However, other social networks like StudiVZ show and schülerVZ according to the test that a much better handling of user Denver Divorce Attorney data is possible. [63]
Anonymous registration
On Facebook, it is possible to register a fictitious identity. The user, however, strongly encouraged to register with their real first and last name and his date of birth. The entry of two names (first and last name) is required. Although does not check the real identity of a user, however, Facebook deleted several times in an automated manner without warning profiles with unusual names were believed behind which no single research best auto insurance fake identities. [64] This was also deleted existing profile real people. The publication of personal data is optional for users.
Spying on foreign e-mail contacts
When opening a Facebook account is not checked immediately if the person is the owner of the e-mail address. The applicant may specify an external e-mail and “find friends” feature to see 20 people, with whom had the e-mail contact owners. [65]
Disclosure of private information by the mere knowledge of the e-mail address
Facebook has a partnership with the mail provider GMX and Web.de . For example, if a GMX-user messages to an e-mail address of a Facebook user writes, the GMX users informed that the recipient’s e-mail is registered with Facebook and how his first name and last name . During the registration page to Facebook is not advised. In the frequently asked questions from GMX there is an entry that explains the relationship and – contains guidance on how this feature can be disabled in the settings of Facebook – no longer current. [66]
Personalized advertising
On 7 October 2007 announced Facebook to allow all existing user profiles of more than 50 million registered users personalized advertising. Here the interest so far 60 companies and enterprises to users’ personal data are made available. In addition to age, gender, favorite activities, place of residence, political affiliation, favorite books and movies include the information provided and the level of education and information on personal relationships.
On the other hand turns into the United States first criticism, as of Facebook user Nate Weiner in an interview with AP: “What if you buy a book on Amazon, that is, to deal with AIDS ‘, and every single one of your friends know about it “Because the problem is that now a company more and more personal, bad-to-control information to its customers (with their formal permission) saves the day but does not realize. [67]
An article in the Guardian on 14 January 2008, criticized the founder and owner of the company on many points. Among other things, he showed how the libertarian ethos of the investor Peter Thiel , one originating in Germany, hedge fund manager could have an impact on the functioning and organization of the company. [68]
Exploitation of user data
Facebook in February 2009 changed the terms of use ( english “Terms of Service” ) to the effect that the company could use the data from members indefinitely – even after deleting or disabling a user account. The rule applied, for example, comments, photos and videos. [69] After massive protests from users, data and consumer protection rules were first restored to the level before the change. [70] In addition, the company announced that, denver martial arts in certain cases, its users future to vote on rule changes to make. [71] In April 2009, Facebook modified Terms to the vote, in which users are the property of their information assurance. A majority of participants supported the new rules. [72] Although the contents remain (eg photos) owned by the user, Facebook receives the right to use any content commercially and the rights of third parties. [73] Even after the change in the Terms of Facebook keeps coming back because of his loose data recovery in the headlines. Thus, the company stores for an update on the mobile phone contact. But Syndicate also has a search function, the members have not yet found friends on Facebook with the data from the e-mail contact list, find the e-mail provider and can be stored by non-members, permanently and without notice. [74 ] were the last terms of use facebook indirectly by a ruling of the Higher Regional Court of Cologne confirmed. A user has published a photo of himself in his user profile. A search engine people had taken over this. The Higher Regional Court of Cologne refused the injunction addressed to the user on the grounds that this adjustment with the consent of his photos in an access by the people search engine, at least implicitly would have explained. He also had him on the Facebook Terms of Service granted the possibility of a barrier to search engines made use to which the Court expressly referred to. [75] [76]
Evaluation / use by intelligence services and police
Facebook users automatically agree with the adoption of the privacy policy of Facebook to the use and application of all personal information provided by cooperating partners with Facebook. These include – according to most reputable press sources about covert user profiles fender flares – including Relevant Life Policies German and foreign police authorities and the CIA and U.S. government agencies on access as a co-owner of the network. The declared aim of U.S. policy there is to be able to check in advance of the tourists travel to the United States.
In early 2008, the press reported, [77] [78] [79] that the financing of corporate investments on Facebook to the CIA or the Homeland Security Department also submitted a collaboration of Facebook with the intelligence services of the United States closely. So shall Facebook in 2005 from acting as camouflage and holding company of the CIA company Accel Partners have received money. From there, the same as a board responsible Gilman Louie a Board member on the company’s In-Q-Tel is known, which was founded in 1999 by the CIA to begin building a global database for immigration control. The firm Greylock Venture was an early investor of Facebook. Howard Cox, a senior partner of this company was, at that time also active on the board of In-Q-Tel. The U.S. intelligence community can Facebook search for in their role as minority owners, professional and deliver a higher quality data mining for intelligence purposes than hidden user profiles, as they like as a co-owner as well as for third party companies with developer access to program own apps , a higher quality access to user data possible and do not apply the restrictions to visibility of the profile content, such as for regularly registered participants.
Mid-2009 it was announced that the Iranian police used Facebook profiles to interrogations at the Friends of the regime’s opponents and protesters identify and be identified by name. [80]
In Germany, use of Federal , federal police and customs Facebook for open as well as covert operations. [81] In some German countries, makes use of the police in the published Facebook profile pictures to the identification of traffic offenders. [82] [83]
Past mandatory publication of private user data
In November 2009, Facebook changed the default privacy settings. The presets are now so that as much information is publicly visible. In addition, certain information, including name, profile photo, friends and group associations were seen in public ever since, even if users had previously made other settings – the possibilities were eliminated earlier protection at these points. In May 2010, these shortcomings have been remedied by extensive modification and simplification of the privacy setting options. [84] Since then, only name, profile picture and user ID is always for all the other Facebook users visible, all other information about the privacy or Profile settings are not publicly-provided. The Internet-wide searchability, such as robots (“Public Search”), may Container Store be issued for any information.
Extremist entries
On Facebook a number of user pages exist with extremist content, such as pages about dictators. [85] In April 2009, a female user than 200 Nazi gathered pages, for example, with names such as Greater Germany , Erwin Rommel fan club or Holocaust Party , with most LS propaganda . They then wrote an open letter to Facebook asking you to delete the profiles of the neo-Nazis, or it will come to an advertisement for sedition. On 17 April 2009 halted the German Telekom their advertising on Facebook with reference to “right-wing” sites on the portal. [86] The Federal Agency for Civic Education watched Facebook. [87] [88] Facebook declared that they did not want users to censorship scare, but the terms, conditions very seriously and would delete the appropriate groups. [89]
Storage of data from non-members
In February 2010, was made public that Facebook also stores the data of citizens who have not voluntarily registered with Facebook. [90] Facebook offers users of smart phones a free software (” app “) on to their contacts from their phone book synchronize with the contacts on Facebook. This will default all uploaded and first name, telephone numbers, email addresses and birthdays, and stored on Facebook. Users report that this also the links and acquaintances of unregistered citizens will become apparent and a possible new registration if the person so full friends list will be proposed. This type of involuntary data collection is contrary to the applicable law in Germany of informational self-determination . Meanwhile, Facebook has indeed a contact [91] in that it allows non-members to be deleted by entering their e-mail address all the related data. This method is only useful if Facebook has been linked to an e-mail address with other data collected. After the statement , Peter Schaar , the Data Protection Commissioner of the Federal Government could appeal civil legal action. The U.S. company had to bow to German law. [92]
Disclosure of user identities through Facebook applications
On 18 Published in October 2010 the Wall Street Journal report on the disclosure of user IDs to third parties. Many Facebook applications were by the referrer information read the ID of the user of the browser and thus potentially draw conclusions about the real identity of the user. [93]
Malicious scripts
By malicious scripts that make the Facebook features to advantage, users are harassed or spied upon. [94] Facebook and insufficiently informed its customers are mostly limited to the often unnoticed by the user removing the malicious code. [95]
Difficulty in clearing the user’s own account
When a Facebook user decides to delete his profile, he must work through a number of processing steps. Multiple recommend him to keep his Facebook profile, or just to disable temporarily. A final cancellation and deletion of the profile may take several months. Some advanced computer skills are necessary, do not have many users. For example, the user needs to know how specific cookies are deleted. [96]
This disproportionate effort often results in that many such users will remain on Facebook.
Privacy advocates criticize this approach as a deliberate restriction of Facebook freedom of consumption. Instructions are circulating on the net for the deletion of personal data and profiles [97] whose function is controversial.
Big Brother Awards
In 2011, Facebook was (along with Apple ), the negative price Big Brother Award as Datenkrake awarded. [98]
Facial recognition software
The release of a software for facial recognition that Storage Bins automatically searches for newly uploaded photos by faces of other Facebook users in order to propose appropriate markings of the images sparked fierce criticism from privacy advocates for. The feature has been enabled in the United States in December 2010 and in other countries in the summer of 2011 for all user accounts. The service is similar to the faces and names on responses from older photos with the new recordings and search for these faces. If a user wishes to avail itself of this service, he must turn it off manually. [99]
Facebook-Parties
On Facebook there is the possibility to invite to events. Here, the user has two choices: He can invite tenders for a public event or private invite to an event. The option to disable “public” has a tick by Delete. Improper operation of this option, it always comes back to accidentally trigger where as private invitations planned mega unintended parties. Also be aware as a “public” Facebook-planned parties can develop due to the non-limited number of visitors to hardly controllable mass events. While the majority of the Facebook party goes largely peaceful, it was found in individual cases to riots that have considerable media attention:
So a 16-year-old girl had at Hamburg-Bramfeld at her birthday party on 3 June 2011 “public” event set, which resulted in property damage occurred in the living environment of the home. Although the party was canceled, released 1,600 young people. [100] [101] [102] [103]
A similar case occurred in Heusweilerer district Numborn (Saarland). About 2,000 people visited the remote party is already on Facebook. make t shirts Attempts to cancel the party again failed. Around 160 police officers were busy and there were 69 arrests, including for breach of the peace , assault and violating the narcotics law . [104] [105] [106]
As on 17 June 2011 by a Facebook-street party with 800 young people in Wuppertal were thrown firecrackers and bottles, broke the police at the event. As a result, there were 16 people injured and three arrests. 41 young people were in custody taken. [107] [108]
On 28 June 2011 took place in Frankfurt am Main with the release of a Facebook party for property damage and a sending off. [109]
On 27 July 2011 got a Facebook party on the beach at the Baltic Sea beaches (Schleswig-Holstein) out of control. The security forces succeeded at first not to dissolve the party, because all access roads blocked with cars were. [110]
On 11 September 2011 had in Langen (the district of Cuxhaven), a 15-year-old girl mistakenly invited to a “public” birthday party. Instead of the 60 invited friends were 400 young people. When the parents wanted to end the party, some drunk teenagers reacted aggressively. As the ceremony to mushroom, the police have been asked to help the forces of several districts contracted and dissolved the party. There was an arrest and damage to property in the neighborhood. [111]
In other countries, denver accident lawyer especially in England and Australia find Facebook parties considerable attention:
On 11 February 2010 was invited on Facebook to a party in an empty villa in London, during which damaged the entire building of the 2,000 young people was bad. [112]
In October 2010, invited a 16-year-old girl in Sydney to a Facebook party to the signed up almost 200,000 young people. A 17-year-old was issued under a false profile than the girls and invitations disseminated. [113] He faces up to three years in prison [114]
In Melbourne, Australia got the Facebook party of a teenager out of control, appeared to be about 500 guests. The spectacular police operation with helicopters and dog teams took international media attention. [115]
Disorder at Facebook parties have done in Germany to an increased political discussion: the proposals of state agencies, ranging from the imposition of a locally car shipping limited space ban [116] until the adoption of a general prohibition of incitement to breach of the peace . [117] On the part of the security agencies and the The police union is advised that bind at the stakes substantial forces to the original police work will no longer be available. [118] The cost of police action are substantial: The use Heusweiler to have cost € 115,000. [ 119]
The Social Research Facebook parties are a new phenomenon as a challenge, poor and young people tend to be boring affluent society and the participants judged seen as “fun-oriented people” that the mass of experience to enjoy. If it were a fad that will fade away after a certain period of time. [120] psychologists evaluate the enthusiasm for the anonymous coming together to celebrate as basically normal (“man is a social being “) and the need for contact could be at very positive contributions young people. The usual social networks in virtual contact can also create a more manageable number of non-lead contacts and the associated excessive reactions. [121]
Facebook had a long time period to the problems of responding. [122] Finally, reinforced by the public and political pressure as well as by the appearance of rival Google + in summer 2011 (which can control the user settings relatively well [123] ), Facebook has for the first time understanding of the regulatory authorities expressed: In an interview with the Federal Minister of the Interior on 8 September 2011, Ricard Allen (Director of European Policy Facebook) offered to draw up a guide that will give the authorities quickly reachable contact at Facebook and measures. [124] So far there is no such guide.
“Like” button and Fan
The Facebook for the providers of other websites provided “Like” button or Button ( in English “Like Button”) came under fire in summer 2011, after it was revealed that when visiting sites where this plug-in is automatically a two years valid cookie is read, the user without the his consent before when watching Facebook pages has been transferred to his computer. This reading is independent of the clicking on the “Like” button instead, and regardless of whether the visitor is a member of Facebook site or not. Of visitors to a page with the “Like” button on their computer have previously attended any Facebook page, is stored in the cookie information such as IP address and browser type. Visit with people who are themselves members of Facebook, and a page that contains the plug-in, the information on invoking the side by means of cookies together even with their Facebook user profile. [125]
As can be created on the Internet in this way a profile of the movements can that shows all the pages of the application that has visited a user chose the German Ministry for Consumer Protection , the application, to ensure the privacy-compliant solution, not on websites authorities should be involved. Likewise, politicians was recommended that their private fansites shut down Facebook, because they transmit the cookie on the computer of their visitors. [126]
The “Like” button on Facebook is being used on 15.5% of all websites. [127]
Litigation
StudiVZ
The concept of Facebook has a number of imitators, such as StudiVZ , and who-knows-who found. Thus the spread in the German competitor StudiVZ has been criticized for being a down to the details of function, structure and appearance of continuous replica of Facebook. On 19 July 2008, Facebook in the U.S. District Court in San Jose (California) bring an action against the operators of StudiVZ, the alleged offense is theft of intellectual property . [128] However, Facebook failed in this lawsuit. In September 2009, told both companies that they had agreed, and studiVZ will pay an amount of money on Facebook. [129]
ConnectU (Winklevoss Twins)
The classmates of Zuckerberg at Harvard University , the twins Tyler and Cameron Winklevoss accuse Zuckerberg that he gives them the idea for her online network ConnectU had (“Networked you”) stolen. The brothers and a friend have hired Zuckerberg in 2003 with the development of their program, Zuckerberg had not kept to the contract, but started in February 2004 with its own network Facebook. This view is rejected by Facebook. [130]
Zuckerberg paid in 2008 following an agreement with the Winklevoss brothers, 65 million U.S. dollars, 20 million dollars in cash and Facebook shares worth then 45 million dollars. Later, the Winklevoss would make the comparison again undo: it gave as a reason that the opposition had deceived them about the true value of Facebook, and they receive too little money and shares. The appeals court in San Francisco rejected that view in 2011 and found the twins were then negotiated a “favorable” deal. [131] [130] The brothers put protest against this judgment. [132] [133] In June 2011, accepted the twins compared to the original and ended their legal efforts. [134]
Grant Raphael
On 24 July 2008 in London, a court sentenced Grant Raphael, a payment of 22,000 pounds for personal injuries and false accusations. Raphael had created a false Facebook site about a former classmate and business partner. On her alleged Raphael under his name, that they are gay and not trust worthy. [135]
Privacy complaints against European headquarters Facebook
Mid-August 2011, a group of Facebook users around the Austrian Jus students Maximilian “Max” Schrems 16 ads in the Irish data protection authority to Facebook Ireland Ltd. one. [136] All users outside the United States and Canada only have a contract with Facebook Ireland Ltd. , the subsidiary responsible for Europe from Facebook. The student group is of the view that the Irish authorities to enforce consumer protection and privacy rights of Facebook users in the European Union is responsible. The group justified this by saying that due to the company headquarters in Dublin, European data protection law is applied and appeals in addition to the Irish Data Protection Act to the EU Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC of 1995. [137] [138]
On 24 August notified the Data Protection Commissioner in Ireland (DPC), the notifier a letter that the Irish authorities are responsible and take the investigation is explained. [139] On 4 September told the Irish newspaper Irish Independent, referring to the DPC, that the Authority comprehensively, beyond the content of the 16 ads will be determined. As an acute form in accordance with Irish data protection law is to take place in an investigation of Facebook’s European headquarters in Dublin. [140] This was confirmed by the spokesperson of the Irish data protection authority, upon request of ORF.at confirmed. [141]
Minors
In December 2009, Facebook started a safety advisory board to regularly check the safety precautions for the users to. This committee consists of representatives of the following five organizations: Common Sense Media, ConnectSafely, WiredSafety, Childnet International and The Family Online Safety Institute (FOSI). This is Facebook, a further measure to ensure Bankruptcy a safe environment for young people to create the Internet after Facebook is already participating in the Internet Safety Technical Task Force (ISTTF) and 2008 with 49 state Attorneys General of the United States and the Attorney General of the District of Columbia arrangements for better protection of minors signed. These agreements are required to Facebook:
Minors before the exchange of personal data to specifically warn;
It adults not to allow to find in search engines profiles of minors;
Changes in age profile and make it more difficult to monitor;
Content to better filter and to keep a list and links to pornographic offers to delete them.
In addition, Facebook still cooperates with MTV and the BBC digital against abuse and cyber-bullying . [142] [143]
Likewise, Facebook revised in December 2009, the control over the privacy . Now any user in the publication of status reports, media or differentiate links set who can see them and who does not. Furthermore, the modified settings for privacy and it was requested at any Facebook user to check this. It can now be made between their own contacts, friends of friends and the entire Facebook network. This was again working on the Youth Protection: The contents of underage users will be visible only for friends, contacts and classmates. [144]
Others
The name Facebook refers to the so-called Facebook’s, which some students at U.S. colleges to receive orientation on campus. In these other Facebook’s classmates are shown ( Face , English for the face, book for book english).
Like other social networks can also be used Facebook by employers to monitor the behavior of employees. This is confirmed by a case in November 2008 from Switzerland , where a sick-insurance employees their jobs lost, because the employer could track their activity on Facebook, while the women’s official bed rest was prescribed. [145] cases in which lost employees, the agency because they have commented disparagingly on Facebook through their employers, from Australia known. [146] In March 2010, a case from the region of Manchester Republic, where a temporary waitress of a café was terminated by the employer to terminate for the Event of Default on the whiteboard of the 16-year-olds published. [147]
On 24 September 2010, celebrated the film The Social Network by director David Fincher premiere. The film is dedicated to the history of Facebook. The screenplay is based on a book by Ben Mezrich , titled The Accidental Billionaires: The Founding of Facebook, a Tale of Sex, Money, Genius and Betrayal . On 7 October 2010 launched the film in German cinemas. In the film, including playing Jesse Eisenberg , Justin Timberlake and Brenda Song with. [148]
At 31 May 2010 was organized the first “Quit Facebook Day”. [149] [150] The church portal evangelisch.de published on this occasion a detailed guide to the complicated way in the conventional way to delete their own user account permanently. [151]
Due to a bug in the API ( application programming interface ) of Facebook’s social network was on 23 September 2010 for several hours. Was further affected by the “Like” button for linking external Web sites. [152] [153] It is said to date from the “worst mistake” in the history of the service. [154]
On 10 October 2010 an employee of the news magazine reported TechCrunch, an account on Facebook with the name of Google’s Eric Schmidt, manager created and used while Schmidt’s correct e-mail address, also. As Facebook also granted accounts that have not yet responded to the confirmation e-mail, certain actions such as setting up the profile and sending private messages, received the “fake” account of Eric Schmidt, private messages from friends Schmidts, which the account apparently considered to be genuine. [155]
Appendix
Literature
Sascha Adamek: The Facebook Trap. As the social network sold our lives. Wilhelm Heyne, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-453-60180-2 .
Juan Faerman: Facebook booming. As the social network Facebook is changing our lives. southwest, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-517-08656-9 . (Original Spanish edition, 2009)
David Kirkpatrick: The Facebook Effect. Behind the scenes at the Internet giant. Carl Hanser, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-446-42522-4 . (First edition 2010)
Ben Mezrich: The Founding of Facebook. riva, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-86883-154-2 . (The original English edition of 2009 The Accidental Billionaires was the basis for the film pay day loans The Social Network )
Nicholas Schmidt facebook. friends Ed. Michael W. Schmalfuss, Kerber Verlag 2011 (350 photographs, texts by Nicolaus Schmidt and Barbara Uppenkamp, Engl. / Ger.) ISBN 978-3-86678-578-6
Jacob Stone Damage: Facebook phenomenon. How a website is our life upside down. Babicky, Vienna 2010, ISBN 978-3-8000-7488-4 .
Daniel Miller: The Wild Network: an anthropological look at Facebook . (Unseld edition, 42). Berlin. Suhrkamp, 2012 ISBN 3518260421 .